GHG Emissions of Steel, Concrete, Aluminum and Glass Production

References:

The 75 per cent problem: making greener glass https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/modus/natural-environment/renewables/the-75-percent-problem--making-greener-glass.html

Manufacturing Energy and Carbon Footprint Sector: Glass and Glass Products U.S. Department of Energy

What It Would Take to Make Steelmaking Greener https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-20/why-steel-s-carbon-emissions-are-so-high-and-what-s-needed-to-lower-them

The 75 per cent problem: decarbonising steel production https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/modus/natural-environment/renewables/the-75-per-cent-problem--decarbonising-steel-production-.html

The 75 per cent problem: creating carbon free concrete https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/modus/natural-environment/climate-change/the-75-per-cent-problem--creating-carbon-free-concrete.html

The 75 per cent problem: aluminium’s carbon footprint https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/modus/natural-environment/climate-change/the-75-per-cent-problem--aluminium-s-carbon-footprint-.html

"Aluminium accounts for 2% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions each year"

"Aluminium is often referred to as the ‘green metal’, thanks to its high strength-to-weight ratio, long lifespan, corrosion resistance, and the fact it can effectively be recycled forever, melted down and reformed without losing quality.

But the environmental credentials of the versatile material are severely let down by its carbon footprint. The aluminium sector generates around 1.1bn tonnes of CO2 per year, largely because of reliance on energy-intensive smelters."